When patients come in for a hearing test, one of the most common questions I hear is:
“What type of hearing loss do I have?”
Not all hearing loss is the same. In fact, understanding where the problem is occurring in the ear helps determine the best treatment options. The two main categories we diagnose are sensorineural (SNHL) and conductive hearing loss (CHL).
To understand the difference, it helps to know the basics of how we hear. Your ear has three main parts:
- Outer ear (collects sound and funnels it into the ear canal)
- Middle ear (contains 3 small bones that amplify sound vibrations)
- Inner ear (the cochlea converts vibrations into electrical signals that travel to the brain)
Hearing loss can happen if something interferes with sound at any point along this pathway. Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss, especially in adults. The problem occurs in the cochlea or along the hearing nerve that sends signals to the brain. Inside the cochlea we have tiny hair cells, and these cells help translate sound vibrations to signals the brain understands. When the cells become damaged, sound may be detected but not clearly understood.
Common causes of SNHL:
- Aging
- Long-term noise exposure
- Genetics
- Certain medications
- Illness or infection
- Head trauma
Sensorineural hearing loss is typically permanent, but it can be managed successfully. Treatment options include:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants (for severe cases)
- Assistive listening devices
- Communication strategies
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound cannot efficiently travel through the outer or middle ear. In this case, the inner ear may still work normally, but sound has trouble reaching it. The problem can occur from the outer ear, ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear bones.
Common causes of CHL:
- Earwax blockage
- Fluid behind the eardrum
- Ear infection
- Eardrum perforation
- Eustachian tube dysfunction
- Abnormal bone growth (otosclerosis)
Those with CHL often report that sounds seem muffled or quiet. They may also report feeling a “plugged” or “blocked” sensation. Unlike SNHL, conductive hearing loss is often medically treatable.
Treatment options include:
- Earwax removal
- Medication
- Medical management of infections
- Minor surgical procedures
Typically with CHL, once treatment is completed, hearing may return to normal or significantly improve.
It is important to note that early testing helps identify problems sooner and gives you more treatment options no matter which type of hearing loss you have. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most people can significantly improve their hearing and communication. If you live in the Tampa Bay area and you suspect changes in your hearing, call Gardner Audiology at 800-277-1182 to schedule an appointment.
